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Objective To determine the risk factors for developing secondary fungal pneumonia in moderate to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. Using predictors of fungal infection helps to guide the diagnosis and treatment in these cases and save their lives. Patients and methods A total of 257 patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia were examined in this retrospective study at Al Qassimi Hospital of EHS. An assessment of clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings was performed upon admission. The data were collected and analyzed. Results Overall, 32% of critically ill COVID cases had fungal infection;47% of them were candida, whereas aspergillosis and yeast were positive in 26.5% each. At the time of hospitalization, computed tomography chest findings had a strong correlation with fungal culture results in COVID-19 cases. Fungal infection in COVID-19 cases correlated strongly with metabolic acidosis, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate, high blood sugar, need for mechanical ventilation at admission, vasopressor use, renal replacement, long duration of steroid treatment, long stay in ICU, and long duration on mechanical ventilation. The longer the duration of PCR positivity, the higher the incidence of positive sputum fungal culture result. Conclusion COVID-19-infected patients with other risk factors for fungal infections should always be considered to have fungal infections if pathogenic organisms are isolated from respiratory secretions or other microbiological or immunological markers appear positive. Computed tomography chest finding in COVID-19 cases is an important predictor for fungal infection.Copyright © 2023 The Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis.
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This study presents the introduction of Arduino to undergraduate architecture students through a series of project-based exercises in two different universities. The main motivation of study is based on supporting students' motivation, engagement, and creativity under remote education conditions in the context of digital fabrication. This research consolidates the digital fabrication pedagogy efficiency in the time of post COVID-19 using both distant and hybrid learning modes. Students have exerted a dedication effort and enjoyed digital craft especially while using Arduino despite the virtual teaching classes. Kinetic applications have received students' total endorsement and hands-on involvement supported with theoretical lectures focusing on fabrication techniques, materials and tools along with parametric algorithmic design. Assignments are both structured and semi-structured to promote their skills and grant them a free-flexible pedagogical approach. © 2023 IEEE.
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Vaccination, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), is a success story in global health and development that saves millions of lives each year. During the Covid - 19 pandemic, the importance of immunizations in combating Covid - 19 was highlighted, and vaccination was recognized as the most effective technique for paving the way out of the epidemic. However, this technique faces a number of challenges, most notably in the vaccine value chain, which has been linked to a number of factors, including market volatility and vaccination demand, which make raw material supply difficult, particularly during pandemics when it is critical to deliver an effective, safe, and high-quality product quickly. Add to it the complexity of production, the difficulty of maintaining the cold chain throughout storage and distribution, quality control and testing, tougher regulatory requirements, and a myriad of other barriers to fulfilling vaccine objectives. As a result, recognizing and resolving difficulties is crucial for establishing a reliable vaccination value chain. In this article, we will give a general framework of value chain then we will discuss the vaccine value chain, including its characteristics, issues, and obstacles, as well as the context of Covid 19 and prospective advancements.
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Delivery services in Malaysia has become a new norm. Malaysians are now comfortable with delivery services during the global pandemic of covid-19. This study had been conducted because there are too many issues about delivery services in Malaysia, although some people using delivery services, and some may not. Reports have suggested that some companies have a bad management of delivery services. For examples, some delivery services companies have technical issues such as (i) slow delivery, (ii) damaged goods, and many other issues. The aim of this paper is to provide an analysis on the perception of Malaysian citizen towards delivery services during the Movement Control Order (MCO). To do so, researchers used a quantitative method to collect data among Malaysian citizens. The total amount of respondents who answered the questionnaire are ii=1310. The research findings suggest that the level of perception towards delivery service in Malaysia during MCO is very high (M=3.17). (C) 2021 Published by European Publisher.
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The whole world is alerted with the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak as it is lethal and spread easily. The government have to take quick and effective action for the crisis management and Malaysia is not excluding in taking its own action to ensure the crisis is managed well. In Malaysia, Dr Noor Hisham Abdullah, health director-general stated the international standards and World Health Organization (WHO) satisfied with the way of Malaysia's management and preparedness by enforcing the movement control order (MCO), identifying patients for testing, isolation and treatment in handling the Covid-19 outbreak. Therefore, this study is done to study on satisfaction level of Malaysians towards government's crisis management during Covid-19. This study was conducted by using random sampling technique where it involves 200 respondents from Malaysia. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire of the research were divided into 4 sections consists of demographic profile, daily press conference and enforcement of Movement Control Order. For the ordinal measurement questions, Liken Scale from strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree were used. The questions, an online survey, were created in Google Forms and distributed through social media. (C) 2021 Published by European Publisher.
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COVID-19 is a novel virus that emerged from the discovery of a new coronavirus. People who have been infected with the disease may experience mild to moderate respiratory illness, but they will recover without the need for medical attention. Since the COVID-19 has affected millions of people around the world, social media has been doing much to keep societies informed about personal hygiene and public Movement Control Order (MCO) facts. Via numerous platforms such like YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp, social media plays a critical role in spreading the news. The study aims to identify the effectiveness of social media in promoting self-care during COVID-19. The study involves 440 respondents from different backgrounds across Malaysia. The data are collected using version 23 of the Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS). According to the SPSS results, social media has an important effect on encouraging respondents to practise self-care. Therefore, the Ministry of Health should actively be using social media in promoting self-care. (C) 2021 Published by European Publisher.
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Free speech is not a licence for racists to spread racist propaganda. However, the outbreak of COVID-19 and its subsequent dissemination through social media has left a shock wave of disbelief resulting xenophobia in society. By looking from the lens of 'Othering,' this study tries to delve into revealing the representation of xenophobia resulting otherness amidst Twitter during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study considers a set of tweets related to #clustertabligh and several types related to the tabligh cluster to represent the otherness. The data were collected through a random sampling technique using machine learning tools Twitter API and processed using JSON format. The results lead to a discussion of power between social networks by intertwining the machine learning tools in social science and humanities studies. This study also looks at blame allotting, a typical social reaction to an outbreak, and an even more typical general media system. Malaysia needs to take actions by recognizing the distinctive levels of hateful racial online content brewing and addressing it systematically and proportionately. (C) 2021 Published by European Publisher.
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The media plays many important roles in providing information to the public through various platforms, both in traditional and digital forms. In March 2020, the Malaysian government announced the Movement Control Order (MCO) due to the outbreak of COVID-19. COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus which continues to affect millions of people across the world. Social media platforms have been working diligently in making sure that communities are updated with news regarding personal safety and information on the MCO. The study aims to identify the effectiveness of social media in promoting awareness of the MCO. The study involved 440 respondents from different backgrounds across Malaysia and the data collected was analysed using Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) Version 23. Findings indicate that social media has a significant impact in promoting MCO awareness with 34.9% of the variance of MCO awareness explained by the proposed model.
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Free speech is not a license for racists to spread propaganda. However, the outbreak of COVID-19 and its subsequent spread across the globe has left a shocking wave of disbelief resulting in an upsurge of xenophobia in the society. Racism is a system of dominance and power designed to uphold the racially privileged. This study delves into the consciousness of Twitter postings during the COVID-19 pandemic and deconstructs the power dynamics in the hashtags used. The study's data was analysed using Twitter Application Programming Interface (API) to identify the representation within tweet sample sets. The study concludes that social interactions on Twitter constructs power dynamics and these shared values create a new form of power resistance and subjugated knowledge. This leads to a discussion of power between social media intertwined with the machine learning tools in social science and humanities studies. This study contributes to the academic debates about the public sphere and social media's role in constructing meaning in cultural and social change. It also suggests that Twitter develops policies to prohibit hate speech and impose regulations to ensure that online spaces remain civil, safe, and democratic.
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Background: AKI and COVID-19 infection are both independently associated with high mortality rates and those with COVID-19 who develop AKI have higher mortality rates. We investigated the predictors of mortality in patients admitted to our hospital with COVID-19 who developed AKI during their hospital stay. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients hospitalized at University of Virginia Medical Center for COVID-19 infection who developed AKI from March 2020 through April 2021. In-hospital mortality was defined as death during admission or within 7 days of discharge to hospice. Data on patients' demographics, comorbidities, AKI stage, dialysis requirement, admission to ICU, serum albumin, ferritin, d-dimer, fibrinogen, hemoglobin, as well as mortality at hospital discharge and 90 days were collected through chart review. Univariate analysis and a multivariate logistic regression model were used to identify factors associated with in-hospital mortality. Results: 219 patients qualified for study inclusion criteria. The average age was 66.2 years and 56.6% of patients were men. The in-hospital mortality rate was 27.9%. An additional 1.37% died in the 90-day follow-up period. Age (p = 0.001), male sex (p = 0.049), AKI-D (p < 0.001), AKI stage (p < 0.001), serum albumin (p < 0.001), and ICU admission (p < 0.001) were associated with mortality in the univariate analysis (Table 1). After adjustments for covariates, age (p < 0.001), AKI-D (p = 0.001), and ICU admission (p < 0.001) were predictors of mortality in our multivariate analysis [AUC: 0.863, 95% CI (0.815-0.911)]. Conclusions: Age, dialysis requirement, severity of AKI, and ICU admission are predictors of mortality among patients with COVID-19 and AKI at our institution.
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Background: Studies have shown that COVID-19 hospitalization is associated with severe AKI. However, determinants of kidney function recovery for these patients are not well studied. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients admitted to our institution from March 2020 to April 2021 with diagnoses of COVID-19 and AKI. Recovery of kidney function was defined as a discharge creatinine less than 0.3 mg/dL above baseline. Data on patients' demographics, comorbidities, AKI stage, ICU admission, and laboratory values were collected by chart review. Univariate analysis and a multivariate logistic regression model were used to identify factors associated with kidney recovery. Results: Of 216 patients, the average age was 66.3 years and 56.0% were men. 62% of patients had recovery of kidney function by discharge. Univariate analysis identified congestive heart failure (CHF, p = 0.063), AKI-D (p < 0.001), AKI stage (p < 0.001), ICU admission (p < 0.001), and lower albumin (p = 0.040) as correlates of nonrecovery at discharge. In the multivariate logistic regression model [(AUC: 0.732, 95% CI (0.664-0.800)], CHF (p = 0.010), AKI-2 (p = 0.011), AKI-3 (p = 0.001), and ICU admission (p = 0.006) remained associated with non-recovery (Table 1). Follow-up data, at a median of 64 days post-discharge, was available for 61% of the cohort (n = 131). Of these patients, 14% had new recovery after discharge, while 18% had no improvement compared to discharge. At 60 days post-discharge, 8.4% had new CKD. At discharge, 3% of all patients were dialysis dependent. Baseline CKD (p = 0.030) and CHF (p = 0.037) were associated with non-recovery at 60 days post-discharge. Conclusions: History of CHF, severity of AKI, and ICU admission are predictors of non-recovery of kidney function in patients with COVID-19 and AKI.
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In March 2020, the government had announced for the Movement Control Order due to the outbreak of Covid-19 in Malaysia. COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. People that infected with COVID-19 will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. As the covid-19 had affected over millions of people across the world, the media have been working overtime in make sure the communities are updated with the news regarding Movement Control Order information to the public. The study aims to identify the effectiveness of media in creating awareness towards the understanding of Movement Control Order (MCO) during Covid-19. The study involves 440 respondents from different backgrounds across Malaysia. The data are collected through Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) Version 23. Findings from the SPSS indicated that television has significantly impact on promoting Movement Control Order awareness. © 2021 Author(s).
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One of Covid-19 side effects was movement control order (MCO). Panic buying can be defined as the action of buying large quantities of a particular product or commodity due to sudden fears and a lockdown announcement from the government just adds fuel to the flames. This study has been done to identify the level of panic buying during movement restricted order (MCO). Panic buying is chosen as the research's topic because it is the most obvious reaction that was shown from the public when MCO was announced and wanted to know did they practice this behavior or not. The researcher used questionnaire form to survey the level of panic buying during MCO. Google form was also used to determine the survey and the link was distributed to all social media platforms. From the survey, we gained 411 respondents, starting from age 18 and above that involved various ethnic in Malaysia. The findings show that the level of panic buying among Malaysian is very low (m=2.13). © 2021 Author(s).